Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems
Material and energy balances for
reactive and non-reactive systems; Recycle, bypass and purge processes; Stoichiometry of
growth and product formation; Degree of reduction, electron balance and theoretical oxygen
demand.
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Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics
Laws of thermodynamics; Solution thermodynamics; Phase equilibria, reaction equilibria; Ligand binding; Membrane potential;
Energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation and reduction reactions.
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Transport Processes
Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow - laminar and turbulent; Mixing in bioreactors, mixing time; Molecular diffusion and film theory; Oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor, $k_{La}$ and its measurement; Conductive and convective heat
transfer, LMTD, overall heat transfer coefficient; Heat exchangers.
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